Station 02 · Phenomenon

Sixteen metres, twice a day.

The tides in the Bay of Fundy are the largest anywhere on Earth. Understanding why is one of the most satisfying stories in natural science — a rare match of shape, size, and rhythm.

The Science

Why so high?

Every coast has tides — the gentle pull of the moon and sun on the ocean. Most places rise and fall by one or two metres. Fundy amplifies that movement to extremes because of three things acting together:

  • Shape — the bay narrows and shallows toward its head, squeezing incoming water higher and higher, like a wave rushing up a beach.
  • Depth — the length and depth of the basin match the natural rhythm of the tide (12 hours 25 minutes). The water sloshes back and forth in perfect resonance, like pushing a swing at just the right time.
  • Volume — roughly 160 billion tonnes of seawater move in and out each cycle. That's more than the combined flow of every freshwater river on Earth.

Record height

16.3 m

The highest tide ever measured, at Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia — a Guinness World Record.

Cycle

12h 25m

Two full cycles a day — roughly six hours rising, then six hours falling.

Volume moved

160 Bt

Billion tonnes of water per cycle — more than every river on Earth combined.

How often do tides change?

The tide comes in and goes out roughly every 6 hours 12 minutes. That means two high tides and two low tides in every 24-hour period — with the timing sliding about 50 minutes later each day, tracking the moon.

Why timing matters

Popular sites like Hopewell Rocks are only walkable at low tide. Miss the window and you miss the ocean floor. Check the tide table for the day you visit and plan to arrive two to three hours before low tide.

Highest of the high

Every two weeks, around the new and full moons, the sun and moon line up and pull together. These are 'spring tides' — the biggest of the cycle. Between them come the smaller 'neap tides'.

Tide Calendar

Today's readings

Sample values for Partridge Island, New Brunswick — at the mouth of Saint John Harbour. Live predictions come from the Canadian Hydrographic Service (DFO).

Partridge Island Tide Forecast →

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